一、教学目的的确定初中二册第五单元的四篇散文都侧重于抒写作者自己的思想感情,但它们又各有特色。《荔枝蜜》由蜜蜂酿蜜引起联想,热情赞美了劳动人民的忘我精神,重在抒情;《猫》叙写了三只猫的不同境遇,重在叙事;《小麻雀》是一篇写物散文,描绘了小麻雀的受伤形象以及被猫咬的经过,重在描写。同时,为了表达自己对小麻雀的深切同情,文章还细腻地写出了作者当时的心理活动。心理描写和对小麻雀的神情、动态的描写,都来自对生活的观察和体验。如果作者不是身临其境地仔细观察受了伤的麻雀,就不会那么生动逼真地写出小麻雀的外形、神志、动作,如果作者只是冷漠地对待眼前发生的一切,对小麻雀的遭遇没有深切的同情,也就不会把自己的心理活动写得那么感人。因此,指导学生正确对待生活、热爱生活;培养学生全面而细微的观察能力,并让他们学习把自己的心神完全注入所观察的生活中去的观察方法应该作为本文的教学目的。二、疑难字词句补说近义词辨析: (一)表情、神情、神气这三个词意思相近,都指表露出来的思想感情、内心世界。但在其内涵和使用范围上有区别,试看课文中的句子: 1、它的举动和表情可露出了十分委屈和为难的样子。 2、它的眼睛现出进退为难的神情。 3、小黑豆似的眼睛带着点要亲近我又不敢完全信任我的神气。“十分委屈和为难的样子”是表露出来的思想感情,所以前面用“表情”。“进退为难”是它的内心世界,所以用“神情”。例3除有内心世界的活动外,还有表露在小黑眼睛中的某种气质。这儿 First, the determination of the purpose of teaching The fourth essay in the fifth unit of junior high school is focused on the author’s own thoughts and feelings, but they also have their own characteristics. “Litchi honey” is caused by honey bees making associations, passionately praised the dedication of the working people, focusing on lyrics; “cat” narrated the different circumstances of the three cats, focusing on narrative; “Little Sparrow” is a writing The essay depicts the image of the injured sparrow and the bite of the cat. It focuses on the description. At the same time, in order to express his deep sympathy for the sparrow, the article also delicately wrote the author’s psychological activities at that time. Psychological descriptions and the depiction of the sparrow’s expression and dynamics all come from the observation and experience of life. If the author is not immersed in the scrutiny of the injured sparrow, he will not be so vivid and realistic to write about the appearance, consciousness, and movement of the sparrow. If the author only treats everything that is happening in front of him, there is no experience of sparrows. With deep sympathy, it will not write your own mental activities so touching. Therefore, instructing students to correctly deal with life and love life; to cultivate students’ comprehensive and nuanced observation abilities, and to allow them to learn how to fully infuse their minds into the observed life should be used as the purpose of this article. 2. Difficulties in Words and Expressions Synonyms: (1) Expressions, expressions, and ambivalence are similar in meaning. They all refer to the thoughts, feelings, and inner world that are revealed. However, there is a difference in its connotation and scope of use. Let’s look at the sentences in the text: 1. Its actions and expressions can reveal a very grievous and embarrassing appearance. 2, its eyes appear dilemma. 3, the small black bean-like eyes with a point to close I did not dare to completely trust my air. “Very wronged and embarrassed appearance” is the expression of thoughts and feelings, so the front uses “expression.” “Dilemma” is its inner world, so use “look.” In addition to the activities of the inner world, Example 3 also reveals a certain temperament in the dark eyes. here