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采用鸡粪与玉米秸秆在露天自然条件下进行好氧堆肥,系统研究了堆肥期间磷钾的径流与淋洗损失及其环境风险,并对比分析了添加沸石对堆肥养分损失的影响。结果表明:磷的损失率小于10%,主要通过径流和淋洗途径损失;钾的损失率在13%～16%之间,添加沸石可以有效减少堆肥期间钾素损失,提高堆肥产品的钾含量;堆肥期间磷钾流失浓度逐渐降低,随时间变化符合线性方程y=a+bt及一级动力学方程y=aebt;径流水中总磷(3.39～21.64mg·L-1)与无机磷(2.05～17.69mg·L-1)浓度均超出了引起水体富营养化的风险阈值;与堆肥前相比,单季堆肥可导致30cm土层土壤速效磷及60cm土层土壤速效钾含量显著提高,添加沸石可降低堆肥期间养分淋洗损失。长期露天堆肥对地表水及地下水存在安全隐患。
Using chicken manure and corn stalks for aerobic composting under open-air natural conditions, the runoff and leaching losses of phosphorus and potassium and their environmental risks during composting were systematically studied. The effects of adding zeolite on the compost nutrient loss were analyzed. The results showed that the loss rate of phosphorus was less than 10%, which was mainly lost by runoff and leaching routes. The loss rate of potassium was between 13% and 16%. Adding zeolite could effectively reduce the potassium loss during composting and increase the potassium content of composting products ; The concentration of phosphorus and potassium loss decreased gradually during compost period, and the change with time was in accordance with the linear equation y = a + bt and the first-order kinetic equation y = aebt; The total phosphorus in runoff water (3.39 ~ 21.64 mg · L-1) ~ 17.69 mg · L-1) exceeded the risk threshold of water eutrophication. Compared with the pre-composting, single-season composting could increase soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium in 30cm soil layer significantly, Zeolite can reduce nutrient leaching losses during composting. Long-term outdoor composting has potential safety hazard to surface water and groundwater.