一、引言中国近、现代哲学与明清三百年的早期启蒙思潮，有着内在的血脉关系。谭嗣同、梁启超、章太炎、胡适等，曾分别盛赞船山、亭林、梨洲、戴震等人的早期民主思想。作为二十世纪中国唯心主义哲学的典型代表人物熊十力，亦从明清三百年的进步思想家那里吸取了丰富的思想营? I. INTRODUCTION In China, modern philosophy has an intrinsic relationship with the early Enlightenment in the three centuries of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Tan Sitong, Liang Qichao, Zhang Taiyan, Hu Shi and others once praised the early democratic thinking of Chuanshan, Tinglin, Lizhou and Dai Zhen respectively. As a typical representative of the Chinese idealist philosophy of the 20th century, Xiong Shili also learned a wealth of ideas from the progressive thinkers of the three centuries of Ming and Qing dynasties.