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目的了解南京市2006—2015年新发尘肺病情况,为防治工作提供建议。方法利用南京市尘肺病报告卡,对南京市新发尘肺病病例的病种、行业、发病年龄、接尘工龄等进行统计分析。结果 2006—2015年南京市新发尘肺病病例127例,主要分布在机械、煤炭、建材行业。以矽肺为主(66.93%),电焊工尘肺次之(12.60%)。平均发病年龄(60.04±9.78)岁,平均接尘工龄(18.82±9.02)a。小型企业的尘肺病病例数占61.4%,为78例。与南京市1955—2004年尘肺病病种构成比比较,2006—2015年新发尘肺病病例中水泥尘肺所占比重较前明显下降(P<0.05),矽肺所占比重较前明显上升(P<0.05);电焊工尘肺病例比重显著加大。电焊工尘肺接尘工龄较矽肺、铸工尘肺、煤工尘肺明显缩短(P<0.01)。结论小型企业尘肺病最为突出,南京市粉尘危害仍未得到有效控制,须加大治理力度。
Objective To understand the new onset of pneumoconiosis in Nanjing from 2006 to 2015 and provide suggestions for prevention and treatment. Methods Nanjing pneumoconiosis report card was used to make a statistical analysis on the types of diseases, industries, the age of onset and the service life of dust-covered pneumoconiosis in Nanjing. Results A total of 127 cases of new-onset pneumoconiosis were collected in Nanjing from 2006 to 2015. They were mainly distributed in machinery, coal and building materials industries. The main silicosis (66.93%), welder pneumoconiosis (12.60%). The average age of onset was (60.04 ± 9.78) years old, average dusting age (18.82 ± 9.02) a. Small pneumoconiosis cases accounted for 61.4% of cases, 78 cases. Compared with the composition of pneumoconiosis in Nanjing from 1955 to 2004, the proportion of cement pneumoconiosis in newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis was significantly decreased from 2006 to 2015 (P <0.05), and the proportion of silicosis increased significantly (P <0.05); the proportion of welder pneumoconiosis cases increased significantly. Welder dust pneumoconiosis work longer than silicosis, casting workers pneumoconiosis, coal workers pneumoconiosis was significantly shorter (P <0.01). Conclusion The pneumoconiosis in small enterprises is the most prominent. The dust hazard in Nanjing has not been effectively controlled yet, so it is necessary to intensify the control.