镇痛药肾病是指长期大量应用非甾体类抗炎药及其复方制剂造成的慢性肾小管间质性肾病和肾乳头坏死。起病隐匿,早期症状多不明显,可缓慢进展至终末期肾病,且没有特效治疗方法。目前本病无统一诊断标准,其发生率在不同国家和地区差异很大。本文综合分析近20余年来文献,对镇痛药的致病成分和镇痛药肾病的流行病学、发病机制和临床表现进行讨论,并尝试提出诊断建议和今后临床科研工作的重点。 Analgesic nephropathy refers to the long-term large-scale use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their compounds caused by chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy and renal papillary necrosis. Insidious onset, early symptoms and more obvious, can progress slowly to end-stage renal disease, and no special treatment. At present there is no uniform diagnostic criteria for the disease, the incidence varies widely in different countries and regions. This article comprehensive analysis of nearly 20 years of literature, the analgesic ingredients and analgesic nephropathy epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical performance were discussed, and try to put forward the diagnosis and clinical research work in the future focus.