贵金属纳米颗粒的表面等离子共振(SPR)效应的研究已经有近60年的历史,近年来纳米等离子激元用于生物分析传感应用取得了长足的进步.本文系统地阐述了等离子激元的形成原理与单颗粒水平分析检测技术原理,从直接传感、等离子共振能量转移(PRET)、SPR耦合、生物成像与治疗等方面概括介绍了目前利用等离子激元进行生物分析传感、生物成像与诊疗等方面的应用研究.生物传感检测技术在单分子检测、单颗粒成像与分析等领域具有重要的科学意义与应用前景. The study of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of noble metal nanoparticles has been nearly 60 years, and in recent years, the use of nanoplasmns for bioanalysis has made great strides. This paper systematically expounds the formation of plasmon Principle and single particle level analysis of detection technology principle, from the direct sensing, plasma resonance energy transfer (PRET), SPR coupling, biological imaging and treatment aspects such as the summary of the current use of plasmon for bioanalysis, bio-imaging and diagnosis and treatment Etc. Biosensing detection technology has important scientific significance and application prospect in the fields of single molecule detection, single particle imaging and analysis.