提出了一种适用于h-型自适应有限元计算的后验误差估计方法——迭代法,通过对拱坝应力及计算误差分布特点和相互关系的研究,归纳出基于坝体中面误差的误差控制准则,并给出了相应的坝体系统误差、中面平均误差和中面最大误差的容许参考值,总结出以迭代法、误差控制准则、容许误差3者所构成的误差度量体系为核心的拱坝三维h-型自适应有限元应力分析方法,并用实例分析论证了该方法的正确性、合理性和有效性. A new method of posterior error estimation, which is suitable for h-type adaptive finite element calculation, is proposed. By iterative method, the distribution characteristics and correlation of stress and error of arch dam are studied. Error control criterion, and gives the corresponding dam system error, the average error in the middle and the maximum allowable reference value in the middle, summarizes the error measurement system constituted by iteration method, error control criterion, tolerance error Core arch dam three-dimensional h-type adaptive finite element stress analysis method, and an example analysis demonstrates the correctness, rationality and effectiveness of the method.