目的:调查京南保北地区毛细支气管炎流行病学及病原学情况,并分析病毒感染的相关因素。方法:选取2014年1月至2015年3月我院儿科住院的京南保北地区毛细支气管炎患儿300例,对患儿临床资料进行调查,并进行病原学检测分析。结果:300例患儿均有咳嗽、喘憋等症状;血常规异常率24.3%,C-反应蛋白异常率11.3%,肝功能异常率7.0%,肾功能异常率11.3%。300例患儿中肺炎支原体Ig M阳性54例,阳性率18.0%;病毒检测阳性150例,阳性率50.0%。单因素分析显示年龄、入院前病程、C-反应蛋白、发病季节、过敏史与毛细支气管炎病毒感染有明显相关性(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示年龄、入院前病程、C-反应蛋白、发病季节为导致毛细支气管炎病毒感染的主要独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:京南保北地区毛细支气管炎患儿流行病学表现多样,病原学调查显示病毒和支原体感染是主要的病因,年龄、入院前病程、C-反应蛋白、发病季节可导致病毒感染的发生,要积极加强对症干预。 Objective: To investigate the epidemiology and etiology of bronchiolitis in the northern area of ​​Beijing and to analyze the related factors of viral infection. Methods: From January 2014 to March 2015, 300 children with bronchiolitis were enrolled in the pediatrics department of Beijing South Hospital of Pediatrics in our hospital. The clinical data of the children were investigated and analyzed by etiological analysis. Results: All the 300 children had cough, wheezing and other symptoms. The abnormal rate of blood was 24.3%, the abnormal rate of C-reactive protein was 11.3%, the abnormal rate of liver function was 7.0% and the abnormal rate of renal function was 11.3%. Among 300 children, 54 were positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM, the positive rate was 18.0%. The positive rate of virus was 150, the positive rate was 50.0%. Univariate analysis showed that age, pre-admission duration, C-reactive protein, onset season, history of allergy were significantly associated with bronchiolitis virus infection (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age, pre-admission duration, C-reactive protein, and season of onset were the major independent risk factors for bronchitis virus infection (P <0.05). Conclusions: Epidemiology of children with bronchiolitis in Baoan Beijin area is diverse. The etiologic investigation shows that the virus and Mycoplasma infection are the main causes, the age, pre-admission course, C-reactive protein and the season of onset can lead to the occurrence of virus infection , We must actively strengthen the symptomatic intervention.