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高血压是最常见的心血管疾病之一,而高海拔地区又存在低气压、低氧及低温等特殊的环境因素,故高海拔高血压具有一定特殊性。海拔和血压之间的关系较为复杂,受多种因素影响。急进高海拔地区可使血压升高,其中交感神经系统激活是导致高海拔地区高血压的关键因素。高海拔地区高血压患病率较高,动态血压监测有助于识别血压的变化,可用于高血压的早期诊断。本文综述高海拔地区血压的调节特点、高血压的患病危险因素及诊治的最新进展。
Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. However, there are some special environmental factors such as low pressure, hypoxia and hypothermia in high altitude areas. Therefore, high altitude hypertension has some particularities. The relationship between altitude and blood pressure is more complex and is influenced by many factors. Rapid advancement of high altitude can make blood pressure, of which sympathetic nervous system activation is the key factor leading to high altitude hypertension. High prevalence of high blood pressure in high altitude, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring helps identify changes in blood pressure can be used for early diagnosis of hypertension. This article reviews the characteristics of blood pressure regulation in high altitude areas, the prevalence of hypertension risk factors and diagnosis and treatment of the latest progress.