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目的观察儿童水痘疫苗1剂次接种后的免疫持久性及其可能的影响因素,为水痘疫苗加强免疫方案提供参考依据。方法采用横断面流行病学,对年龄2~7岁水痘疫苗初次免疫间隔1~5年的健康儿童566名采集静脉血,使用膜免疫荧光法(FAMA)测定水痘IgG水平。同时收集疫苗生产厂家及初免年龄等资料,用卡方检验分析率的差异,方差分析、t检验用于分析抗体滴度变化,多重线性回归用于分析抗体滴度变化的影响因素。结果水痘疫苗初免间隔1、3、5年后抗体阳性率(93.7%、87.6%、89.9%)差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.50,P=0.11),抗体滴度随时间衰减,不同间隔年限抗体水平差异有统计学意义(F=12.606,P<0.001),间隔1年组的抗体水平(GMT:1:11.5)显著高于间隔3年(1:7.14,P<0.001)、5年组(1:8.36,P=0.006)。间隔3年、5年组间抗体水平差异无统计学意义(P=0.387)。水痘疫苗初免年龄各间隔年限组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=276.069,P<0.001),间隔1年组初免年龄最小,间隔5年组最大。国产疫苗和进口疫苗接种者的抗体阳性率相当,分别为91.%和89.5%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.322,P=0.570)。初免年龄、性别、疫苗种类对抗体滴度的影响差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论国产疫苗和进口疫苗接种后免疫持久性效果相当,虽然初免5年后,抗体阳性率仍能维持较高水平,但抗体滴度随时间延长有所衰减,接种3~5年后抗体维持较低水平,建议在初次免疫后3年考虑加强免疫。
Objective To observe the immune persistence and its possible influencing factors of children’s varicella vaccine after one dose inoculation, so as to provide reference for strengthening the vaccination scheme of varicella vaccine. Methods Fifty-six healthy children aged 2-7 years with primary immunization of chicken pox vaccine for 1 to 5 years were enrolled in this study. Venous blood was collected and immunoglobulted with FAMA was used to determine the varicella IgG level. At the same time, the vaccine manufacturers and the age of initial immunization were collected. The differences of the analysis rates, variance analysis and t-test were used to analyze the changes of antibody titers. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of antibody titers. Results The antibody positive rate of chickenpox vaccine was 93.7%, 87.6%, 89.9% at the first, third, and fifth year after immunization. There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 4.50, P = 0.11) (F = 12.606, P <0.001). The antibody level (GMT: 1: 11.5) in the interval 1 year group was significantly higher than that in the interval 3 years (1: 7.14, P <0.001) Group (1: 8.36, P = 0.006). There was no significant difference in antibody levels between the 5-year and 3-year intervals (P = 0.387). There was significant difference in the age of varicella vaccine among the groups at different intervals (χ2 = 276.069, P <0.001). The minimum age of immunization was the smallest at the interval of 1 year and the maximum at the interval of 5 years. The positive rate of antibody of domestic vaccine and imported vaccine vaccine was 91% and 89.5% respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 0.322, P = 0.570). There was no significant difference in antibody titers between the age, gender and vaccine type (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The immunization lasting effect of domestic vaccines and imported vaccines is quite similar. Although the antibody positive rate can still be maintained at a high level after 5 years of initial immunization, the antibody titer decays with time, and the antibodies maintain after 3 to 5 years of inoculation Lower levels, it is recommended to consider strengthening the immune system 3 years after the first immunization.