一、一般含义许多研究者只把注意力放在个人身上,却很少考虑他们的环境。然而,最近几年,人们逐渐认识到,人类同众多的环境因素不断相互影响并受到环境的制约,这些环境因素包括经济环境、道德环境以及社会环境。从整体方面来看,生态环境可以被描绘成“地志学上的环状结构,每二环都包含在另一环当中”。(布伦劳布伦诺语)这些结构包括微观系统、中间系统和宏观系统。微观系统是指成长中的人同他们的直接背景之间的关系,如家庭、学校、邻居。中间系统是包括具体的个人在一生的特殊阶段的重要背景之间的相互关系。青少年的 First, the general meaning Many researchers only focus on individuals, but rarely consider their environment. However, in recent years, people gradually come to realize that human beings interact with numerous environmental factors and are constrained by the environment, including the economic environment, moral environment and social environment. On the whole, the ecological environment can be described as “geodesy ring structure, with every second ring contained in another ring”. (Bulunlung Bruno) These structures include microscopic systems, intermediate systems and macroscopic systems. Micro-system refers to the relationship between growing people and their immediate background, such as family, school and neighbors. Intermediary systems are the interrelationships that include the specific context of a particular individual at a particular stage of his life. Adolescent