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一、前言近代以来中国城市出现了新的发展类型,即出现了一批开埠通商城市,而开埠通商城市又分为约开商埠和自开商埠。两者相比,对中国影响更大的是约开商埠。从1842年签署《南京条约》起到1922年,中国先后约开的商埠共计有79个。~([1](pp.21-22))国际上的学者从20世纪60—70年代以来,开始重视对城市包括城市史的研究,而我国历史学家和经济学家对城市发展问题开展研究起步较晚。在20世纪的最后20年里,我国学术界有关中国通商口
I. Introduction Since the modern era there has been a new type of development in Chinese cities, that is, there have been a number of ports of commerce opened up, and the ports of commerce have been divided into commercial ports and commercial ports. Compared with the two, the greater impact on China is about to open a trading port. From the signing of the “Treaty of Nanjing” in 1842 to 1922, China has successively opened about 79 commercial ports. ~ ([1] (pp.21-22)) Since 1960s-1970s, international scholars have begun to attach importance to the study of cities including urban history. However, historians and economists in our country have carried out urban development issues Research started late. In the last two decades of the twentieth century, our academic circles related to China’s trade and commerce