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民族认同的建构与“时间性”密切相关。通过分析中国现代民族认同的两大建构路径,即“现在—未来”导向路径和“现在—过去”导向路径,可以看出,在时间性的三个层面里,“现在”扮演了极重要的角色。“现在—未来”导向的路径从未来寻求合法性,主张现代与传统的断裂,民族认同的建构所依据的是精英知识分子所设定的民族国家的规划。而“现在—过去”导向路径则是从过去寻找合法性,以回归传统、挖掘新的传统或是重构传统的方式,通过与“过去”建立起联系,使自身权威化。无论是哪一种路径,民族认同建构都是以“现在”为核心的。因此,在民族认同建构的“时间性”问题中,“现在”之重要不仅仅在于“民族认同”是现代现象,它更是重组过去和未来关系的关键。相对于“真实的过去”的不可改变,“未来”的不确定,“现在”却为建构者的主体经验参与到认同建构中提供了机遇。在重组过程中,建构者得以充分调用“过去”和“未来”的资源,使民族认同获得它所需要的多元的合法性。
The construction of national identity is closely related to “timeliness”. By analyzing the two major construction paths of modern national identity in China, namely the “present-future” orientation and the “present-past” orientation, we can see that “now” plays a very important role in the three aspects of timeliness Character. The path of “present-future” orientation seeks legitimacy in the future, advocating the break between modernity and tradition. The construction of national identity is based on the planning of nation-states set by elite intellectuals. The “present-past” guiding path is to seek legitimacy from the past, return to the tradition, explore new traditions or reconstruct traditions and establish their authority by establishing contacts with the “past.” No matter what path, national identity construction is based on the “present” as the core. Therefore, among the “temporality” issues of national identity construction, “the present” is not only important because “national identity” is a modern one, but also the key to reshape the relationship between the past and the future. Relative to the “true past” can not be changed, “the future” of the uncertainty, “now” but for the constructer’s main experience to participate in the construction of identity provides an opportunity. In the reorganization process, builders are able to make full use of the resources of “the past” and the “future” so that ethnic identity can obtain the diversified legitimacy it needs.