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方解石和白云石两种碳酸盐矿物在显微镜下很难区分,主要是通过岩石标本加稀盐酸是否剧烈气泡加以区别。为了准确鉴定大理岩中碳酸盐矿物组分,利用电子探针波谱技术对15件样品进行微区化学成分分析,并通过所测样品主量化学成分含量推测矿物名称;12件样品化学成分结果统计显示:主量成分CaO为56.07%59.70%;次要成分含量:Cr2O3为0.00%0.08%、FeO为0.00%0.16%、Na2O为0.00%0.02%、Al2O3为0.00%0.09%、MgO为0.52%0.81%、SiO2为0.00%0.04%、MnO为0.00%0.05%;化学成分与方解石组分相当,推测所测样品为方解石;3件样品化学成分结果统计显示:主量成分CaO为31.25%31.82%、MgO为20.97%21.31%;次要成分含量:Cr2O3为0.00%0.05%、FeO为0.32%1.17%、Na2O为0.01%0.08%、K2O为0.01%0.02%、SiO2为0.00%0.09%、MnO为0.01%0.04%;化学成分与白云石组分相当,推测所测样品为白云石。