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在古罗马共和时期,反高利贷是贵族与平民之间斗争的重要组成部分。平民的诉求首先表现为解放因未清偿债务而沦为债务奴隶的债务人,后来平民对违反利率限制的高利贷者享有拘禁之诉的诉权,而后者要承担四倍罚金的惩罚。斗争的双方认为,求助于法律是平衡彼此利益的唯一理想途径。《十二表法》规定了利率不得超过1/12,公元前357年颁布的《杜伊流斯和梅奈纽斯平民会决议》重申了《十二表法》的规定,公元前347年的平民会决议把允许的最高利率降低了一半,后来的《格努求斯平民会决议》完全禁止利息,这些法律大部分是平民自己的立法机构制定的公法。
Anti-usurious lending during the Roman Republic was an important part of the struggle between aristocrats and civilians. The appeal of civilians first manifested themselves in the liberation of debtors who became debt slaves because of unpaid debts. Civilians later claimed suits in custody against usurers who violated interest rate restrictions, while the latter were punishable with four penalties. Both parties to the struggle believe that recourse to the law is the only ideal way to balance each other’s interests. The Twelve Tables Act stipulates that the interest rate shall not exceed 1/12. The Decision of the Dui Liuses and Menanehs Parliamentary Assembly promulgated in 357 BC reiterated the provisions of the Twelve Tables Act, 347 BC Of the civilian population decided to halve the maximum allowable interest rates, and then the “Banus Pundits Pundits” resolution of a total ban on interest rates. Most of these laws are made by civilians’ own legislatures.