目的　探讨儿童重症病毒性脑炎的诊断与治疗。方法　对40例重症病毒性脑炎患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　22例痊愈, 10例好转, 6例放弃治疗, 2例死亡。结论　临床表现是早期诊断的重要依据,脑电图可作为早期诊断手段之一。影像学结果与病情转归及预后不呈平行关系。治疗的关键在于早期及时抗病毒,足量足程激素及丙种球蛋白应用可有效改善预后。 Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of severe viral encephalitis in children. Methods The clinical data of 40 severe viral encephalitis children were retrospectively analyzed. Results 22 cases recovered, 10 cases improved, 6 cases give up treatment, 2 cases died. Conclusion Clinical manifestations are an important basis for early diagnosis. EEG can be used as one of the early diagnosis methods. Imaging results and outcome of the disease and the prognosis is not parallel. The key is the treatment of early and timely anti-virus, full-dose hormones and gamma globulin applications can effectively improve the prognosis.