自第二次世界大战结束以来,美国联邦政府与大学之间一直实行着一种“以美元换取知识”的交易,也就是说,政府向大学注入丰裕的研究经费,大学则为社会提供有用的科技成果。这种在数十年间被认为是天经地义的原则直到最近从理论上讲也仍然是有效 Since the end of World War II, the U.S. federal government and universities have been practicing a “trade in dollars for knowledge,” meaning that the government has injected ample research funding into universities and that universities have provided the community with useful Technological Achievements. This principle, which for decades has been found to be justified, has until recently been theoretically valid