在当前我国经济体制改革的讨论中,对于社会主义国家所有制和国营企业自负盈亏的问题,提出了不同的看法。我们也想就此谈点粗浅意见。一无产阶级夺得政权之后,建立生产资料的社会主义公有制,这是历史的必然。但是,社会主义公有制究竟应当采取什么样的具体形式,则取决于生产力发展的水平。按照马克思和恩格斯最初的设想,社会主义将是在一些发达的资本主义国家同时取得胜利。这些国家的无产阶级取得政权以后,将把国内的一切生产资料转归全民所有,并且消除商品生产。但是,后来革命实践的发展,社会主义首先是在经济落后的国家取得了胜利。这些国家在革命胜利后,除建立了社会主义国营企业之外,还建立了社会主义劳动群众集体所有制,甚至在某些方面还保留了劳动者的个体私有制。就我国的情况来 In the current discussion of China’s economic restructuring, different opinions have been put forward on the issue of the ownership by state-owned enterprises and the self-financing of state-owned enterprises. We also want to talk about superficial opinions. After the proletariat seized power, the establishment of socialist public ownership of means of production is a historical necessity. However, what concrete forms should be adopted for the socialist public ownership depends on the level of development of the productive forces. According to the initial ideas of Marx and Engels, socialism will win at the same time in some developed capitalist countries. After the proletariat of these countries have taken power, all the domestic means of production will be turned over to ownership by the whole people and the elimination of the production of commodities. However, later in the development of revolutionary practice, socialism, above all, won in the economically backward country. After the victory of the revolution, these countries, in addition to establishing socialist state-owned enterprises, established the collective ownership of the socialist working people and, in some aspects, even retained the individual ownership of laborers. In my country’s situation