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近些年来出现了对社会危害性去留存废的激烈争论。原因之一是人们忽视了社会危害性在刑法学说流变的历史进程中,究竟发生了怎么样的变化以及社会危害性的考察方法。早期旧派理论认为社会危害性是一种客观危害,尽管强调了主观要素的重要性,但此时的主观要素并不是社会危害性内部独立的要素。新派刑法理论从实证主义的角度出发,认为犯罪危害是行为人人身危险性的表征,从此主观因素开始被视为危害性内部的因素,但有矫枉过正之嫌。后期旧派刑法理论以新康德主义为指导思想,开始在区分事实与规范的基础上,勾勒客观事实与主观事实之间的关系,并最终使得主观事实与客观事实的关系得以明晰。在当代刑法学理论中,社会危害性是客观事实与主观事实的统一体。在考察社会危害性时,应坚持质定性与量定性相统一、平面性与立体性相统一、经验性与规范性相统一的基本方法。
In recent years, there has been a fierce debate over the harmfulness of social existence. One of the reasons is that people neglected how social harmfulness happened in the historical process of the change of criminal law doctrine, and what kind of change happened and the method of social harmful investigation. Early theory of the old society that the social harm is an objective hazard, despite the emphasis on the subjective element of importance, but the subjective element at this time is not an element of socially harmful internal independence. The new criminal law theory from the perspective of positivism, that the crime of peril is a manifestation of the perpetrator of the perpetrator, since the subjective factors began to be seen as a dangerous internal factors, but overkill. With the guidance of neo-Kantianism, the old theory of criminal law started to define the relationship between objective facts and subjective facts based on the distinction between facts and norms, and finally made the relationship between subjective facts and objective facts clear. In contemporary theory of criminal law, social harmfulness is the unification of objective fact and subjective fact. When examining the harmfulness of the society, we should adhere to the basic method of unifying the qualitative and quantitative ones, unifying the plane and the three-dimensionalities, and unifying the empirical and the normative ones.