The main sediment hazards in the lower Yellow River are flooding, channel erosion, desertification of cultivated lands, waterlogging. and soil salinization. Some of the hazards are the direct results of sediment movement and the others are related with sediment movement by the special landforms which themselves are the results of sediment movement. On the one hand, the sediment hazards,such as flooding. bank erosion and soil salinization, are aggravated by serious sediment accumulation in the Yellow River channel and irrigation canals due to heavy sediment load of the rived On the other hand, the distribution of the sediment deposit of different grain sizes is also a main factor influencing flooding, desertification, waterlogging and soil salinization hazards. The paper suggests to change the distribution of sedimentation as a measure of mitigating sediment hazards. The main sediment hazards in the lower Yellow River are flooding, channel erosion, desertification of cultivated lands, waterlogging. And soil salinization. Some of the hazards are the direct results of sediment movement and the others are related with sediment movement by the special landforms which on the one hand, the sediment hazards, such as flooding. bank erosion and soil salinization, are aggravated by serious sediment accumulation in the Yellow River channel and irrigation canals due to heavy sediment load of the rived On the other hand, the distribution of the sediment deposit of different grain sizes is also a main factor influencing flooding, desertification, waterlogging and soil salinization hazards. The paper suggests to change the distribution of sedimentation as a measure of mitigating sediment hazards.