近来在我国和国外都在细胞水平上研究一种新的育种方法——体细胞杂交。这种方法是以获得分离的原生质体(利用酶将植物细胞坚硬的纤维素细胞壁除去),随后将它们融合,并由杂种原生质体和杂种细胞培育成完整植株为基础的。在由二倍体的组织分离出来的原生质体相融合的情况下,可以获得双二倍体。而在由单倍体的组织分离出来的原生质体相融合的情况下,则可获得二倍体。这种方法有许多优点:(1) 克服不亲和性。(它是在不同种和属的植物进行有性杂交时产生的),并且所获得双二倍体具有营养体生产量和种子生产量都好的优点;(2) 开辟了不能形成种子但对育种有重要意义的植物(某些营养繁殖的植物,单倍体,完全不育类型等等)进行杂 Recently in China and abroad at the cellular level to study a new breeding method - somatic hybridization. This method is based on the isolation of protoplasts (removal of the cell walls of cellulose by hardening the plant cells with enzymes), followed by their fusion and the cultivation of whole plants from hybrid protoplasts and hybrid cells. In the case of fusion of protoplasts isolated from diploid tissues, double diploids can be obtained. In the case of fusion of protoplasts isolated from haploid tissues, diploids can be obtained. This method has many advantages: (1) overcoming incompatibility. (Which is produced when sexual crosses occur between plants of different species and genus), and the obtained diploid has the advantages of both vegetative yield and seed yield; (2) Breeding important plants (some vegetative plants, haploid, total sterile type, etc.)