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出口地缘结构反映了一国出口的市场定位、地理方向、出口能力及其经济地理和政治结构。文章采用1997-2014年BACI双边贸易数据库、CEPII引力分析数据集和世界发展指标数据,分析金砖五国出口的不同技术复杂度产品的地缘结构差异问题,及其出口市场的地理结构和出口发展潜力。研究发现,金砖国家出口地缘结构存在显著的差异。整体上,巴西的出口地理范围最远,俄罗斯最近,中国、南非和印度居中。出口目的国在金砖国家出口总额中占比,与该国与金砖国家距离及产品技术复杂度呈显著负向关系。此关系对不同的金砖国家来说显著程度不同:俄罗斯最强,巴西和印度最弱;并且与这些国家的地缘特征、经济地理因素和地缘政治因素具有密切的关系。
Geographical structure of exports reflects the market orientation of a country’s exports, its geographical orientation, its export capacity and its economic geography and political structure. Based on the BACI Bilateral Trade Database, CEPII Gravity Analysis Data Set and World Development Indicators Data from 1997 to 2014, this paper analyzes the geo-structure differences of the products with different technical complexity exported from the BRIC countries and the geographical structure and export development of the export markets potential. The study found that there are significant differences in the geographical structure of BRICS exports. As a whole, Brazil has the longest range of exports, with Russia, most recently, China, South Africa and India. The export destination countries accounted for a large proportion of the total exports of BRICS countries, showing a significant negative relationship with the BRICS countries’ distance and product technical complexity. This relationship is notably different for different BRIC countries: Russia is the strongest, Brazil and India the weakest, and is closely related to the geopolitical, economic and geopolitical factors of these countries.