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在相当长的时期里,社会主义经济制度的基础被理解为生产资料公有制、计划配置资源和中央集权对国家的所有经济部门的控制。这一经济制度的微观基础就是数量庞大的国有经济部门,它们以国有企业的形式存在。当社会主义国家开始反思计划经济,向市场经济转型时,改革国有经济就成为了改革的中心环节。本文回顾了国有经济的形成,分析其现状,提出改革目标与实施途径。
For a long period of time, the foundations of the socialist economic system were understood as the control of the public sector of the means of production, the planning and allocation of resources and the centralization of power over all the economic sectors in the country. The micro-foundation of this economic system is the huge number of state-owned economic sectors, which exist in the form of state-owned enterprises. When the socialist countries began to reflect on the planned economy and the transition to a market economy, the reform of the state-owned economy became a central aspect of the reform. This article reviews the formation of the state-owned economy, analyzes its current situation, and proposes reform goals and implementation approaches.