摘 要 目的:對上海市2020年抗结核药物不良反应报告进行分析,以期为临床合理使用抗结核药物提供参考。方法:收集上海市2020年抗结核药物不良反应报告,用Excel表格对相关数据进行统计和分析。结果:共有234例不良反应报告,涉及10种抗结核药物,其中占比>10%的依次为利福平胶囊(67例,28.6%)、吡嗪酰胺片(64例,27.4%)、异烟肼片(36例,15.4%)和乙胺丁醇片(35例,15.0%),4药合计占比达86.4%。234例不良反应报告中,肝功能异常91例(38.9%),皮炎/皮疹52例(22.2%),血尿酸水平升高29例(12.4%),胃肠道反应25例(10.7%)。抗结核药物的不良反应主要发生在开始用药后的1个月内(81.6%)。不良反应的转归结果,痊愈37例(15.8%),好转163例(69.7%),未好转24例(10.3%),结果不详10例(4.3%)。结论:抗结核药物不良反应多见于利福平、吡嗪酰胺、异烟肼和乙胺丁醇,主要发生在开始用药后的1个月内。肝功能异常是抗结核药物的最常见不良反应。绝大多数不良反应转归良好。
关键词 抗结核药物 不良反应 分析
中图分类号:R978.3; R969.3 文献标志码:C 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)21-0024-04
Analysis of adverse reactions of antituberculosis drugs in Shanghai in 2020
ZHOU Xiaohua1, HUANG Kun2, DONG Ping1, MENG Xianmin1(1. Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China; 2. Shanghai Center for Adverse Reaction Monitoring of Drugs and Medical Devices, Shanghai 200040, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the adverse reactions of antituberculosis drugs in Shanghai in 2020 in order to provide reference for clinically rational use of antituberculosis drugs. Methods: The adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of antituberculosis drugs reported in Shanghai in 2020 were collected and the data were statistically analyzed by Excel. Results: A total of 234 cases of ADRs were reported, involving 10 antituberculosis drugs, among which the proportions >10% were rifampicin capsules (67 cases, 28.6%), pyrazinamide tablets (64 cases, 27.4%), isoniazid tablets (36 cases, 15.4%) and ethambutol tablets (35 cases, 15.0%). The proportion of the four drugs in total accounted for 86.4%. Among the 234 reported ADRs, there were 91 (38.9%) with abnormal liver function, 52 (22.2%) with dermatitis/rash, 29 (12.4%) with elevated serum uric acid level, and 25 (10.7%) with gastrointestinal reactions. The adverse reactions of antituberculosis drugs mainly occurred within 1 month after the beginning of drug use (81.6%). In the outcome of adverse reactions, 37 cases (15.8%) were cured, 163 cases (69.7%) were improved, 24 cases (10.3%) were not improved, and 10 cases (4.3%) were unknown. Conclusion: The adverse reactions of antituberculosis drugs were more common in rifampicin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid and ethambutol, which mainly occurred within 1 month after the beginning of drug use. Abnormal liver function is the most common adverse reaction of antituberculous drugs. The outcome of vast majority of adverse reactions turns out to be positive.
KEy wORDS antituberculosis drugs; adverse drug reactions; analysis
有资料显示,药品不良反应不仅会增加患者的住院次数,延长患者的住院时间,且也会增加患者的经济负担[1-3]。如何减少和避免药品不良反应的发生是医学界面临的挑战之一。为此,国家积极采取措施,开展药品不良反应监测工作,引导并督促药品生产企业、医疗机构和医务人员做好药品不良反应的监测和上报工作。作为一线医务人员,我们有义务、有责任总结和分析药品不良反应发生的情况,找出药品不良反应发生的规律,为临床合理用药提供指导,保障患者的用药安全。本文统计分析抗结核药物不良反应情况。抗结核药物治疗由于往往多药联用且用药时间长,容易发生药品不良反应[4],进而影响患者的治疗依从性,严重时甚至导致治疗不得不中断[5]。本文通过对上海市2020年234例抗结核药物不良反应报告进行统计分析,寻找抗结核药物不良反应发生的特点和规律,以期为临床合理用药提供参考,降低药品不良反应发生率,保障抗结核治疗安全并达到预定疗效。
抗结核治疗常会导致发生各种药物不良反应,能否及时识别和处理各种药物不良反应直接关系到抗结核治疗的成败。因此,医务人员应更全面地了解抗结核药物的性质及其不良反应,以使患者治疗安全、有效。对于已发生药物不良反应的患者,如能予以早期对症治疗,也可有效改善药物不良反应的转归结果。
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目的:评估高分辨率经阴道超声(transvaginal ultrasonography,TVS)在宫颈癌宫旁浸润诊断中的临床价值.方法:根据国际妇产科联合会(Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)的分期标准,对纳入研究的47例宫颈癌患者进行分期,在治疗前对所有患者行TVS和计算机体层成像(computed tomography,CT)检查,检查结果与手术后病理学检查结果进行比较,计算两种检查方法诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳
目的:评价穿刺针数对超声引导下甲状腺细针抽吸细胞学检查(ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology,US-FNAC)诊断效能的影响.方法:收集2015年6月—2018年6月于南京医科大学附属南京医院(南京市第一医院)行US-FNAC并经手术治疗的甲状腺结节患者352例,共352个结节,每个结节穿刺4针,病理科医师在穿刺现场依据甲状腺细胞病理学Bethesda报告系统(The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid