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在当今的国际比较文学和文学理论界,关于世界文学问题的讨论已经成为一个热门话题,这与全球化对文化和文学的巨大影响与作用不无关系。当代西方学者一般从歌德对世界文学的构想汲取灵感,将世界文学界定为文学的生产、流通和翻译的过程(戴姆拉什)。虽然他们也承认后来马克思恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中对世界文学的提及对这一理论概念的成型有一定的作用,但是却很少沿着这条线索探讨马克思主义在世界文学研究领域内的不可替代的贡献。实际上,无论是马克思恩格斯还是列宁等经典马克思主义者都对世界文学史上的经典作家,如但丁、莎士比亚、歌德、席勒、巴尔扎克、托尔斯泰等的创作成就发表过许多十分精辟的见解,这些见解无疑构成了马克思主义的世界文学观的奠基性思想。他们的这些零散的思想后来分别由东西方的马克思主义理论家加以阐释和发挥。虽然西方的马克思主义研究者也关注世界文学现象,但他们往往仅局限于讨论西方马克思主义理论家对马克思主义世界文学观作出的贡献,却根本忽视了另外两大块:苏联和东欧的马克思主义者对世界文学的贡献以及中国的马克思主义者所作出的独特贡献。而本文在全面综述马克思主义的世界文学研究时,对这二者的建树也作了评论,并对马克思主义世界文学研究的未来前景作了预测。
In today’s world of comparative literature and literary theorists, the discussion on world literature has become a hot topic, which is closely related to the tremendous influence and function of globalization on culture and literature. Contemporary Western scholars generally draw inspiration from Goethe’s conception of world literature and define world literature as the process of production, circulation and translation of literature (Daimlus). Although they also admitted that later Marx and Engels made reference to world literature in the “Communist Manifesto” to some extent in shaping the concept of the theory, they seldom along this line clues to the extent to which Marxism in the field of world literature studies Irreplaceable contribution In fact, neither Marxist nor Lenin and other classical Marxists have published many achievements in the creative achievements of classical writers such as Dante, Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller, Balzac, Tolstoy, etc. in the history of world literature Brilliant insights, these opinions undoubtedly constitute the foundation of Marxist view of world literature. Their fragmented ideas were later interpreted and developed by eastern and western Marxist theorists respectively. Although Western Marxist researchers are also concerned about the phenomena of world literature, they often confine themselves to discussing the contributions of Western Marxist theorists to the Marxist world literature. They simply ignore the other two major pieces: Marxism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Their contributions to world literature and the unique contributions made by Chinese Marxists. In the meantime, this essay also comments on the achievements of Marxism in the study of world literature, and predicts the future prospects of Marxist literature in the world.