目的了解某市在校小学生洗手相关知识和行为,为开展小学生的卫生干预提供依据。方法采取单纯随机抽样的方法,在广东省某市随机抽取5所小学,从每所小学的各年级分别随机抽取9人,对有效调查的238名小学生进行洗手相关知识与行为的问卷调查。结果小学生洗手行为中,饭前和便后洗手的比例最高;便后、体育课后和打扫卫生后洗手的比例高年级高于低年级(χ2趋=16.5,10.8,9.5,P值均<0.01);使用洗手液或肥皂的频次高年级高于低年级(H=9.0,P<0.05),女生高于男生(Z=-2.6,P<0.01);对洗手可防疾病的知晓率高年级高于低年级(P值均<0.05);对洗手过程知识的知晓率高年级高于低年级(χ趋2=15.4,15.9,34.0,7.9,P值均<0.01);小学生获取洗手相关卫生知识的途径主要通过教师和家长。结论小学生洗手相关卫生知识的健康教育应通过学校和家长2个途径深入开展,重点人群是低年级小学生。 Objective To understand the knowledge and behaviors related to handwashing of primary school students in a city and provide the basis for primary school students’ health intervention. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to randomly select 5 primary schools in a certain city in Guangdong Province. Nine students were randomly selected from each grade in each primary school. Questionnaire survey was conducted among 238 primary school students who were investigated effectively. Results The proportion of hand-washing among the pupils before and after the hand-washing was the highest, while the ratio of hand-washing to the hand-washing after the class was higher than that of the younger (χ2 = 16.5,10.8,9.5, P <0.01) ). The frequency of using hand soap or soap was higher in senior grades than in lower grades (H = 9.0, P <0.05), but higher in girls than in boys (Z = -2.6, P <0.01) (P <0.05). The rate of awareness of handwashing knowledge was higher in senior grades than in lower grades (χ = 2 = 15.4,15.9,34.0 and 7.9, P <0.01) The main means of knowledge through teachers and parents. Conclusion The health education of primary school students who wash their hands related to hygiene knowledge should be carried out in two ways through schools and parents. The key population is the lower primary school pupils.