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目的分析2011-2013年福建省水痘的流行特征及免疫相关性。方法借助网络直报系统数据库,分析福建省水痘的流行特征及免疫关联性。结果 2011-2013年报告水痘发病25 322例,死亡2例,平均发病率为22.76/10万,死亡率为0.053/10万,病死率为0.08‰;宁德地区的发病率最高(47.32/10万)(F=62.45,P<0.05);每年有两个发病高峰,分别为5~6月和11~次年1月,且后一个高峰较高;年龄小于15岁儿童是主要发病人群,职业以学生为主,存在发病年龄后移的现象。报告聚集性疫情48起,平均罹患率为22.6‰,发生场所以小学为主,厦门的威胁严重性最高,其次为宁德和龙岩(F=6.10,P<0.05),事件持续时间长,为30.5d(22~44.75d)。全省共报告水痘疫苗接种1 383 404剂次,平均水痘疫苗接种标化比为1.075,疫苗覆盖率为1.22%,宁德接种剂次、水痘疫苗接种标化比和疫苗覆盖率均最低(χ2=39 518,P<0.01),福建省水痘疫苗接种比与报告发病率呈负相关关系(R2=0.324,P<0.05)。结论福建省水痘疫情所引起的公共卫生问题不容忽视,且免疫水平低,提倡加强水痘疫情的监测及两针剂的疫苗覆盖水平。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and immunological relativity of chickenpox in Fujian province from 2011 to 2013. Methods With the help of the network direct reporting system database, the epidemic characteristics and immunological correlation of chickenpox in Fujian Province were analyzed. Results There were 25 322 chickenpox cases and 2 deaths in 2011-2013. The average incidence rate was 22.76 / 100 000, with a mortality rate of 0.053 / 100 000 and a case fatality rate of 0.08 ‰. The incidence of chickenpox in Ningde was the highest (47.32 / 100 000 ) (F = 62.45, P <0.05). There were two peaks of incidence each year from May to June and from January to January in the following January, and the latter peak was higher. Children younger than 15 years old were the main disease population, occupational Mainly students, there is a shift in the age of onset of the phenomenon. There were 48 reported cases of agglomeration, the average attack rate was 22.6 ‰. The occurrence was mainly in primary schools. Xiamen was the most serious threat, followed by Ningde and Longyan (F = 6.10, P <0.05). The duration of the incident was 30.5 d (22 ~ 44.75d). A total of 1 383 404 doses of varicella vaccine were reported in the province. The average varicella vaccination standardization ratio was 1.075 and the vaccine coverage rate was 1.22%. The lowest vaccination coverage and vaccination coverage were found in Ningde vaccination (χ2 = 39 518, P <0.01). There was a negative correlation between the vaccination rate of chickenpox and the reported incidence in Fujian (R2 = 0.324, P <0.05). Conclusions The public health problems caused by the epidemic of chickenpox in Fujian Province should not be neglected, and the immunization level should be low. The monitoring of chickenpox epidemic should be strengthened and the vaccine coverage of two doses should be strengthened.