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陕西省旬县位于陕、甘两省交界处,古为郇国,是周族的重要发祥地。秦汉隋唐,一直为京畿北部要镇。晋至明代的多数历史时期里,彼称为三水县,这显然是由于三水河而得名。三水河是该县境内的一条主要河流,其上游称马栏河。中、下游称三水河。它发源于子午岭南端,向两南注入黄河的重要支流泾河。1989年10月,经旬邑县博物馆介绍,笔者徒步考察了三水河六十余公里的上要河岸,上迄马栏镇,下至马家河,考察了几处石窟。其中分别有北朝、唐、宋、明、清各个时期的石刻造像和壁画。因其地理位置偏僻,长期不为学术界所知晓,这些石窟没有名称,更没有介绍发表。根据它们各自的地名或俗称,可分别称为黑牛窝石窟、堡子湾石窟、蜈蚣洞石窟、赵家洞石窟和马家河石窟。现就所见将各窟依次简要论述如下。
Xunxian County, Shaanxi Province, is located at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces. It was an ancient state of China and was an important birthplace of Zhou people. Qin and Han Sui and Tang Dynasties, has been the northern town of Gyeonggi. In the most historical period from the Jin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, he was called Sanshui County, apparently because of the name of Sanshui River. Sanshui River is a major river in the county, the upper reaches of Malan River. Middle and downstream Sanshui River. It originated in the southern tip of the Meridian, south of the Yellow River into an important tributary of Jinghe. October 1989, the Xunyi County Museum, the author visited the foot of the Sanshui River more than 60 kilometers to the riverbank, on the town of Malan, down to the Ma River, inspected several grottoes. Among them are the Northern Dynasties, Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties stone statues and murals. Because of its remote location, for a long time not known to academics, these caves have no name, but did not introduce the publication. According to their respective place names or commonly known as, respectively, black oxen cave grottoes, Baozigang grottoes, centipede cave grottoes, Zhao Cave and Majiahe grottoes. Now we see the various cave in turn briefly discussed as follows.