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人工营建的森林生态系统组分过于单一 ,配置不当是三北地区森林生物灾害严重的根本原因。主要控制策略包括御灾控灾阵地前移 ,控制目标从种群密度控制转为灾害控制 ,对灾害调控从“点状调控”上升为“网状调控” ,提高对“潜在”生物灾害的预警能力。提出生物多样性与生态系统稳定性原理、风险分散理论和抗性相对论作为多树种合理配置抗御人工林生物灾害的 3大理论基础。以多树种合理配置控制杨树天牛灾害为实例 ,从结构和功能的关系 ,将现有防护林划分为 3类 :即一代林网、二代林网和加强型二代林网 ,分析了树种配置结构和抗天牛灾害的功能。进一步将加强型二代林网配置树种类群划分为非寄主树种、目标树种 (或抗性树种 )和诱饵树 ,并对各自的功能进行了定位 ,提出了较为合理的抗御天牛灾害的多树种配置模式以及简便有效的诱饵树管理技术。最后 ,以防护林 (特别是农田防护林 )的经营和管理由静态转变为动态为前提 ,探讨了诱饵树管理的一些新思路
Man-made forest ecosystem components are too single and improperly configured is the root cause of serious forest biological disasters in the Three North regions. The main control strategies include the advancement of disaster control and disaster control positions, the shift of control objectives from population density control to disaster control, the adjustment and control of disasters from “point regulation” to “net regulation” and improvement of the warning potential of “potential” biological disasters . Proposed three principles of biological diversity and ecosystem stability, risk diversification theory and resistance relativity as the rational allocation of multi-tree species to plantation biological disaster prevention three theoretical basis. Taking the rational allocation and control of multi-tree species as an example, the existing shelterbelts were divided into three categories according to the relationship between structure and function: the generation forest network, the second generation forest network and the enhanced second generation forest network. The tree species allocation structure And anti-Beat disaster function. Further, the configuration tree groups of the enhanced II-generation forest network are classified into non-host species, target species (or resistant species) and decoy trees, and their respective functions are located, and a more reasonable defense against the disaster Tree species configuration mode and simple and effective bait tree management techniques. Finally, taking the management and management of shelterbelts (especially farmland shelterbelts) from the static state to the dynamic state, some new ideas of bait tree management are discussed