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糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病常见的神经和微血管并发症之一,也是20～ 74岁人群发生视力障碍的主要原因之一.DR的发病机制至今仍未完全阐明,近年来补体功能失调在DR中的作用受到关注.补体因子及补体调节蛋白异常影响视网膜血管周细胞、内皮细胞、神经细胞及胶质细胞的命运和功能,因而可能作为DR治疗的新靶点.就眼内补体的特点,DR与补体功能失调关系的研究进展,DR中补体基因的多态性和靶向补体分子的探索性治疗成果进行综述,为开展相关研究提供新的思路.“,”Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the common neuronal and microvascular complications of diabetes,and it is the key cause of blindness in the populations aged from 20 to 74.The pathogenesis of DR remains elusive,and the role of complement in DR has attracted intensive attentions in recent years.The dysregulation of complement factors and regulatory proteins could affect the fate and functions of pericytes,endothelial cells,neuronal cells and glia cells in retina,which may be novel targets for anti-DR therapy.Advances regarding the characteristics of complement in the eye,the relationship between complement dysfunction and DR,complement gene polymorphism in DR and recent therapy explorations targeting complement pathways were reviewed,so as to providing new clues for the related research in the future.