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以云南省烟草农业科学研究院研和试验基地13年长期定位试验为平台,以化肥配施有机肥(CFM)、单施化肥(FM)和不施肥(CK,对照)3种处理土壤为研究材料,利用干筛法分离土壤团聚体,研究长期培肥对烤烟-小麦轮作红壤团聚体、有机质、氮含量、酶活性的影响及其相关性。结果表明:长期化肥配施有机肥有利于大团聚体的形成,2～1mm团聚体土壤的分配率显著高于单施化肥和对照;使耕层土壤有机质、各形态氮(全氮、碱解氮、硝态氮和铵态氮)及酶活性大幅度改善,并且,除硝态氮以外,各级团聚体土壤有机质及各形态氮含量变化趋势为CFM>CF>CK;化肥配施有机肥各级团聚体土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶活性明显高于单施化肥和对照,其中脲酶、蔗糖酶活性与土壤有机质和4种形态氮呈显著正相关,蛋白酶和脱氢酶与上述营养呈负相关,但不显著。化肥配施有机肥有利于增加土壤大团聚体的分配率,提高土壤有机质、全氮及碱解氮等的含量及酶活性,对烤烟、小麦生长意义重大。
Based on the long-term experiment of 13 years of research and experiment base of Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, three kinds of soil treatments including chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (CFM), chemical fertilizer (FM) and no fertilizer (CK) The soil aggregates were separated by dry sieving method. The effects of long-term fertilization on the aggregate, organic matter content, nitrogen content and enzyme activity in flue-cured tobacco-wheat rotation red soil were studied. The results showed that the long-term fertilizer application of organic manure was beneficial to the formation of large aggregates. The distribution rate of soil aggregates with 2 ~ 1 mm soil aggregates was significantly higher than that of chemical fertilizers and controls. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, Nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen) and enzyme activity were significantly improved. Moreover, except nitrate nitrate, the content of organic matter and the content of nitrogen in all soil aggregates showed the trend of CFM> CF> CK. Soil protease, urease, invertase and dehydrogenase activity of soil aggregates at all levels were significantly higher than that of chemical fertilizers and controls. The activities of urease and sucrase were positively correlated with soil organic matter and four forms of nitrogen. Protease and dehydrogenase The above nutrition was negatively correlated, but not significant. Fertilizer application of organic manure is conducive to increasing the distribution rate of large soil aggregates, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and nitrogen and other soil nitrogen content and enzyme activity, the growth of flue-cured tobacco and wheat is of great significance.