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目的了解深圳市不同行业的正己烷职业病危害现状。方法以深圳市23个行业中涉及正己烷使用的80家用人单位为调查对象,通过现场职业卫生调查、职业病危害因素检测和职业健康检查等方法对用人单位存在的正己烷职业病危害现状进行评价。结果深圳市正己烷的使用主要分布在计算机、通信和其他电子制造业以及橡胶和塑料制品业;大部分行业工作场所空气中正己烷水平均低于职业接触限值,样品检测合格率为99.7%,但计算机、通信和其他电子制造业、皮革制品制造业和体育用品制造业的手工清洗操作岗位空气中正己烷水平超过职业接触限值,最高达414.5 mg/m3,超标2.3倍。未设置任何局部防毒设施和未配备任何个人防护用品的企业分别有39家(占48.8%)和28家(占35.0%)。在岗期间职业健康检查均未发现疑似职业病和职业病病人。2015年共诊断职业性慢性正己烷中毒6例。结论手工清洗操作岗位为正己烷职业病危害的关键控制点,应通过采取工程技术防治控制措施、加强职业健康检查管理和个人防护用品使用管理等有效预防控制职业性慢性正己烷中毒的发生。
Objective To understand the current status of n-hexane occupational hazards in different industries in Shenzhen. Methods Totally 80 employers involved in n-hexane in 23 industries in Shenzhen were investigated. The occupational health risks of n-hexane were evaluated by on-site occupational health survey, occupational disease hazard testing and occupational health examination. Results The use of n-hexane in Shenzhen was mainly distributed in the computer, communications and other electronic manufacturing industries and the rubber and plastic products industries. The n-hexane level in the air of most industries in the industry was below the occupational exposure limit, and the passing rate of samples was 99.7% However, the n-hexane level in the air for post-processing in the computer, telecommunications and other electronics manufacturing, leather goods manufacturing and sporting goods industries exceeds the occupational exposure limit by up to 414.5 mg / m3, 2.3 times more than the standard. 39 enterprises (48.8%) and 28 (35.0%) did not set any local anti-virus facilities and did not have any personal protective equipment. During the occupational health examination did not find suspected occupational diseases and occupational diseases patients. In 2015, 6 cases of occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning were diagnosed. Conclusion The manual cleaning operation is the key control point for the occupational hazards of n-hexane. The prevention and control of occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning should be effectively controlled through the adoption of engineering and technical prevention and control measures, strengthening the management of occupational health examination and the management of personal protective equipment.