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意境是中国古代美学和文学理论的一个重要范畴,也是衡量中国古代文学特别是古典诗歌的一个重要标准。关于意境的具体含义,历来众说纷纭,至今没有公论。我认为,所谓意境,是指作家的主观情思和所描写的富于特征性的客观景物浑融契合而形成的艺术境界和氛围。本文试图在这个定义上,用中国传统的意境理论对元朝马致远的著名小令《天净沙·秋思》作一种新的赏析。 马致远的小令堪称中国古典诗词上的一绝,他能通过对事物极其简练的描写勾勒,创造出一个旨趣深远的意境来,令人回味无穷。
Artistic conception is an important category of ancient Chinese aesthetics and literary theory, and is also an important criterion for measuring ancient Chinese literature, especially classical poetry. The specific meaning of the mood has always been divided, so far no public opinion. In my opinion, the so-called artistic conception refers to the artistic realm and atmosphere formed by the combination of subjective feelings of the writers and the depicted objective and characteristic scenery. In this definition, this article attempts to use the traditional Chinese theory of artistic conception to make a new appreciation of the famous small order “Tianjing Sha · Autumn Thoughts” by Ma Zhiyuan in the Yuan Dynasty. Ma Zhiyuan’s Xiao Ling is called a must in Chinese classical poetry. He can create a profound artistic conception through an extremely concise description of things, and it is memorable.