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To solve the technical problems of hot metal desulfurization by injecting magnesium particulate,a new idea of hot metal desulfurization by bottom-blowing magnesium vapor was put forward.The reaction mechanism of hot metal desulfurization with magnesium vapor injection was analyzed,and the kinetic model of the desulfurization rate during the process of hot metal desulfurization with magnesium vapor injection was established.The dimensionless equation of the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient under the injection conditions was obtained by the dimensional analysis method.And the theoretical calculation results were in good agreement with the experimental measurements.The results show that the diameter of the bubbles and the viscosity of the melt significantly affect the desulfurization rate of hot metal injected with magnesium vapor.When the temperature is 1573 K and the gas flow rate is 3 L/min,the desulfurization rate can reach 79％ and the utilization rate of magnesium can reach 83％.