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目的研究国际采矿与金属委员会(ICMM)风险评估模型在火力发电厂职业健康风险评估中的适用性,为相关标准或规范制定以及职业卫生评价提供科学依据。方法以某火力发电厂为研究对象,对现场进行劳动卫生学调查,运用该模型的定量法和矩阵法分别对电厂关键岗位的职业病危害进行风险评估,并与现场检测、职业健康体检结果和文献报道进行结果验证。结果模型得出电厂噪声导致听力异常、粉尘导致尘肺、氨泄漏引起的氨中毒风险高,其他化学毒物风险低。模型评估有高听力异常风险结果得到了现场检测、职业健康体检以及文献报道的验证;高尘肺风险结果与现场检测和文献报道一致;氨中毒风险高与文献报道一致。对职业病危害因素导致常见健康后果的风险评定上,定量法较矩阵法易出现风险高估。结论该模型可应用于火力发电厂的噪声、粉尘、化学毒物等职业危害因素风险评估,推荐使用模型中的矩阵法。
Objective To study the applicability of ICMM risk assessment model in occupational health risk assessment of coal-fired power plants and to provide scientific evidence for the development of standards and norms and occupational health evaluation. Methods Taking a thermal power plant as the research object, the author conducted a survey of labor hygiene on the site, and used the quantitative method and matrix method of the model to evaluate the risk of occupational hazards in key posts in power plants respectively. The results were compared with the results of field tests, occupational health examination results and literature Report the results of verification. Results The model shows that power plant noise causes abnormal hearing, dust leads to pneumoconiosis, ammonia is at high risk of ammonia poisoning and the risk of other chemical poisons is low. Model assessment of high-risk hearing abnormalities results have been field testing, occupational health examination and documentation of the validation; high pneumoconiosis risk results and on-site testing and reported in the literature; high risk of ammonia poisoning consistent with the literature. Risk factors for occupational hazards lead to the common health consequences of the risk assessment, the quantitative method than the matrix method prone to risk overestimated. Conclusion This model can be applied to risk assessment of occupational hazards such as noise, dust and chemical poisons in thermal power plant. It is recommended to use the matrix method in the model.