在土建工程的结构设计计算中,需要将实际工程结构物(如房屋、桥梁、水坝等)抽象,简化为一种力学计算模型(或称结构计算简图),这是结构计算的必要前提。面对着实际工程物用什么样的指导思想来建立计算模型,建立怎样一种计算模型,是土建工程科学研究中的一个重要问题。 In the structural design calculation of civil engineering, the actual engineering structures (such as houses, bridges, dams, etc.) need to be abstracted and reduced to a mechanical calculation model (or structure calculation diagram), which is a necessary prerequisite for structural calculation. It is an important issue in the field of civil engineering research to establish a calculation model in terms of what kind of guiding ideology is used for the actual engineering object and what kind of calculation model is established.