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GABA受体广泛分布于哺乳动物生殖系统,包括睾丸生精细胞和精子。研究发现GABA受体在受精过程中精子重要生理变化——顶体反应和获能中起着重要调节作用,其可能是体内激素孕酮和透明带诱发顶体反应的作用靶点之一。GABA受体促进顶体反应和获能作用可能与其调节细胞膜电位从而介导胞膜电压依赖性钙通道开放有关,其机制可能还涉及多种信号通路。本文就目前GABA受体调节精子顶体反应和获能作用的研究现状作一综述。
GABA receptors are widely distributed in the mammalian reproductive system, including testicular germ cells and sperm. It is found that GABA receptor plays an important regulatory role in the important physiological changes of sperm - the acrosome reaction and the capacitation in the process of fertilization, which may be one of the target of the acrosin and zona pellucida induced acrosome reaction. The mechanism of GABA receptor promoting acrosome reaction and capacitation may be related to its regulation of cell membrane potential to mediate the opening of voltage-dependent calcium channel in the membrane, and its mechanism may involve a variety of signaling pathways. This review summarizes the present research status of GABA receptor regulating sperm acrosome reaction and capacitation.