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针对2005年考纲对写作要求的新变化,笔者结合历年高三最后阶段的学习特点,发现应对“图画作文”如何把握好“四化”、“四性”是关键。
一、“四化”原则:图形要点化、要点短语化、短语句子化及句子短文化
1. 图形要点化
这是写好作文的基础的基础。考生要仔细阅读提示信息,抓住每幅图画的要点和特征,从整体上把握图画间的关系。
2. 要点短语化
在把握要点的基础上,考生使用作文信息中要求的正确时态将上述要点用正确的动词短语列出,若为及物动词或短语则需带上相应的宾语。
3. 短语句子化
在动词短语基础上再对信息进行加工、整合,加上其他必要的句子成分如主语、状语等,此时应充分运用一些较高级别的表达形式(复杂结构和词汇)以提高作文的可读性及赏析性。
4. 句子短文化
在完成了上述步骤后,考生需要从整体上把握文章,抓住英语文章的写作特点连句成篇。
二、“四性”原则 :全面性、多样性、正确性及连贯性
图画作文的“四化”是是相互连接,相互影响的,“四化”只是一些最基本的要求,要想使图画作文拿高分,还得把握好“四性”原则。
1. 要点的“全面性”
作文的要点必须包含图画中的所有主要信息,不能遗漏要点。
2. 短语的“多样性”
应尽可能多地使用短语、习语及句型来表达要点的含义。
3. 句子的“正确性”
确保所写的并列句、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句及定语从句的连接词、关系词的正确性,确保选词表达准确,这是关系到文章能否获得高分的关键因素之一。
4. 短文的“连贯性”
英语作文讲究整体感及层次感,考生应使主旨段、各分段的主题句及总结段层次分明,并根据文意及逻辑关系恰当使用必要的过渡词句,考虑首尾呼应,同时加强复查,杜绝拼写、固定搭配等错误,注意保持卷面整洁、书写美观。
三、实战例析
下面以2004年湖南卷写作为例加以说明。
假设你是一位生活在某城市的中学生,暑假打算去乡村度假。请根据下面两幅图提供的信息,写一篇短文。简要说明城市生活环境的不足,重点说明你去乡村度假的原因。
注意:1.短文应包括图中所提供的主要信息,并做适当发挥,使短文内容连贯、完整。
2.词数:100左右。
“四化”:图形要点化
1、“打算去乡村度假”判断时态为一般将来时;城市生活环境和乡村自然景观皆为目前客观状况,故应用一般现在时。
2、左图(略写):城市高楼林立、交通拥挤、环境污染严重;
3、右图(详写):乡村空气清新、景色宜人、活动内容丰富。
要点短语化
1. will spend the summer vacation
2. (in the city)is full of tall buildings; has a lot of traffic as well as some problems
3. (in the countryside) enjoy oneself; is shining(the sun); is fresh(air) and clean(water); are green(trees);are singing; go climbing, boating, fishing, and swimming
短语句子化
1. I will spend the summer vacation in the countryside.
2. In spite of the fact that the city is full of tall buildings, yet it has some problems such as, heavy traffic, air pollution and noises as well.
3. I can enjoy myself in the countryside, where the air is fresh and the water is clean. Trees are green and birds are singing with the sun shining overhead; I can go climbing, boating, fishing and swimming in the lake.
句子短文化(成文)
I have a plan that I will spend the summer vacation in the countryside①.
In spite of the fact that the city is full of buildings, tall and modern②, yet it has some problems such as, heavy traffic, air pollution and noises as well. On the contrary, things in the countryside are quite different: I can enjoy myself in the country, where the air is fresh and the water is clean③. Trees are green and singing birds are flying in the clear sky④. Because of the beautiful scenery, I can go climbing, boating, fishing and swimming in the lake.
In addition to these above, I can find it easy to approach nature. Such are the reasons why I am looking forward to the coming summer holiday⑤.
注释
①: 该句为短文的主题段(thesis statement);
②:该句运用了短语in spite of 取代了though/although引导的让步状语从句,使文章简洁明快,同时达到了较理想的表达效果;
③/④/⑤:运用了非限制性定语从句、并列句、不定式作宾语及Such be句型,丰富了文章的结构;此外,短文中还使用了大量的过渡词或短语,使文章前后连贯。如:yet, such as, on the contrary, because of, in addition to, in the clear sky, singing birds
⑤: 该处为文章的总结段,既是对上述内容的概括,也呼应了文章的开始。
总之,只要考生在平时训练或考试中按照“四化”以及和它相对应的“四性”原则来处理图画作文,同时注意英语作文的写作特征,就能够提高表达的效果,使作文达到预期的目的。
一、“四化”原则:图形要点化、要点短语化、短语句子化及句子短文化
1. 图形要点化
这是写好作文的基础的基础。考生要仔细阅读提示信息,抓住每幅图画的要点和特征,从整体上把握图画间的关系。
2. 要点短语化
在把握要点的基础上,考生使用作文信息中要求的正确时态将上述要点用正确的动词短语列出,若为及物动词或短语则需带上相应的宾语。
3. 短语句子化
在动词短语基础上再对信息进行加工、整合,加上其他必要的句子成分如主语、状语等,此时应充分运用一些较高级别的表达形式(复杂结构和词汇)以提高作文的可读性及赏析性。
4. 句子短文化
在完成了上述步骤后,考生需要从整体上把握文章,抓住英语文章的写作特点连句成篇。
二、“四性”原则 :全面性、多样性、正确性及连贯性
图画作文的“四化”是是相互连接,相互影响的,“四化”只是一些最基本的要求,要想使图画作文拿高分,还得把握好“四性”原则。
1. 要点的“全面性”
作文的要点必须包含图画中的所有主要信息,不能遗漏要点。
2. 短语的“多样性”
应尽可能多地使用短语、习语及句型来表达要点的含义。
3. 句子的“正确性”
确保所写的并列句、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句及定语从句的连接词、关系词的正确性,确保选词表达准确,这是关系到文章能否获得高分的关键因素之一。
4. 短文的“连贯性”
英语作文讲究整体感及层次感,考生应使主旨段、各分段的主题句及总结段层次分明,并根据文意及逻辑关系恰当使用必要的过渡词句,考虑首尾呼应,同时加强复查,杜绝拼写、固定搭配等错误,注意保持卷面整洁、书写美观。
三、实战例析
下面以2004年湖南卷写作为例加以说明。
假设你是一位生活在某城市的中学生,暑假打算去乡村度假。请根据下面两幅图提供的信息,写一篇短文。简要说明城市生活环境的不足,重点说明你去乡村度假的原因。
注意:1.短文应包括图中所提供的主要信息,并做适当发挥,使短文内容连贯、完整。
2.词数:100左右。
“四化”:图形要点化
1、“打算去乡村度假”判断时态为一般将来时;城市生活环境和乡村自然景观皆为目前客观状况,故应用一般现在时。
2、左图(略写):城市高楼林立、交通拥挤、环境污染严重;
3、右图(详写):乡村空气清新、景色宜人、活动内容丰富。
要点短语化
1. will spend the summer vacation
2. (in the city)is full of tall buildings; has a lot of traffic as well as some problems
3. (in the countryside) enjoy oneself; is shining(the sun); is fresh(air) and clean(water); are green(trees);are singing; go climbing, boating, fishing, and swimming
短语句子化
1. I will spend the summer vacation in the countryside.
2. In spite of the fact that the city is full of tall buildings, yet it has some problems such as, heavy traffic, air pollution and noises as well.
3. I can enjoy myself in the countryside, where the air is fresh and the water is clean. Trees are green and birds are singing with the sun shining overhead; I can go climbing, boating, fishing and swimming in the lake.
句子短文化(成文)
I have a plan that I will spend the summer vacation in the countryside①.
In spite of the fact that the city is full of buildings, tall and modern②, yet it has some problems such as, heavy traffic, air pollution and noises as well. On the contrary, things in the countryside are quite different: I can enjoy myself in the country, where the air is fresh and the water is clean③. Trees are green and singing birds are flying in the clear sky④. Because of the beautiful scenery, I can go climbing, boating, fishing and swimming in the lake.
In addition to these above, I can find it easy to approach nature. Such are the reasons why I am looking forward to the coming summer holiday⑤.
注释
①: 该句为短文的主题段(thesis statement);
②:该句运用了短语in spite of 取代了though/although引导的让步状语从句,使文章简洁明快,同时达到了较理想的表达效果;
③/④/⑤:运用了非限制性定语从句、并列句、不定式作宾语及Such be句型,丰富了文章的结构;此外,短文中还使用了大量的过渡词或短语,使文章前后连贯。如:yet, such as, on the contrary, because of, in addition to, in the clear sky, singing birds
⑤: 该处为文章的总结段,既是对上述内容的概括,也呼应了文章的开始。
总之,只要考生在平时训练或考试中按照“四化”以及和它相对应的“四性”原则来处理图画作文,同时注意英语作文的写作特征,就能够提高表达的效果,使作文达到预期的目的。