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泥塑群像《收租院》曾被人们誉为中国革命现实主义美术的典范性作品。可是它的艺术接受史表明:在以阶级斗争为纲的年代里,《收租院》曾广泛而有效地点燃了人们心中的阶级仇恨,公众的兴趣点统一集中在它所表现的思想内容与传达的政治理念上;而进入新时期以后,最初人们对其政治主题产生逆反心理,变得无人问津,继而重新发现了它的艺术价值与文物价值,并表现出多样化的观赏兴趣。本文集中探讨了导致这种公众观赏兴趣转向之深刻的社会、政治根源。认为两大历史时期公众对泥塑《收租院》观赏兴趣的巨大变易,主要是由于社会转型带来了公众心态的改变,其中政治因素起了关键作用。
The clay sculpture group “Renting Court” has been praised as a model work of Chinese revolutionary realist art. However, its history of artistic reception shows that in the era of class struggle, the “rent-collecting court” has aroused class hatred in people’s hearts extensively and effectively. The public’s interest points are uniformly concentrated in the ideological content it represents After entering the new era, initially, people became rebellious against their political themes and became unmanned. Then they rediscovered their artistic values and cultural relic values and showed diversified interest in viewing. This article focuses on the profound social and political origins that led to this shift in public viewing interest. It is considered that the great change of public interest in the “rental housing” of clay sculpture in the two historical periods is mainly due to the change of public mentality caused by social transformation. Political factors play a key role.