通过大田试验,共设7个处理,即不施氮、常规施肥以及掺混控释氮肥10%、20%、40%、80%、100%处理,探讨了不同施肥处理对土壤中4种形态氮(全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、微生物生物量氮)和3种氮功能性酶(脲酶、蛋白酶、硝酸还原酶)活性的影响,以探究控释掺混尿素对稻、麦土壤肥力和环境的影响.结果表明:土壤全氮在稻、麦全生育期内趋于稳定,且掺混比例20%以上各控释氮肥处理在稻、麦季均无显著差异;掺混40%以上控释氮肥能有效促进稻、麦生育中后期土壤无机氮水平;随稻、麦生育期推进,掺混40%以上控释氮肥处理可显著提高土壤微生物生物量氮,但常规施肥处理的微生物生物量氮整体呈明显下降趋势;掺混40%以上控释氮肥能明显提升稻、麦生育中后期土壤酶活性,土壤蛋白酶与硝酸还原酶活性在作物生育后期均随掺混比例增加而提高,以100%控释氮肥处理土壤酶活性最高.掺混20%以上控释氮肥处理能明显降低水稻季分蘖期脲酶活性,推迟铵态氮峰值期,有利于减少氮损失;掺混40%以上控释氮肥处理均可保障稻、麦生育中后期的氮素供应,刺激土壤脲酶与蛋白酶参与氮素转换,促进了土壤氮素有效性;100%控释氮肥处理对稻、麦生育后期土壤硝酸还原酶活性增加最明显,与掺混40%~80%控释氮肥处理相比,可显著减少小麦季20~40 cm土壤硝态氮残留量,在减少氮素损失方面的效果明显. Through field experiments, a total of seven treatments, namely, no-nitrogen, conventional fertilization and 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, 100% (Total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, microbial biomass nitrogen) and three kinds of nitrogen-functional enzymes (urease, protease, nitrate reductase) activity to explore the controlled release of urea on rice, wheat soil Fertilization and environment.The results showed that soil total nitrogen was stable during the whole growing period of rice and wheat, and no significant difference was found between the controlled release nitrogen fertilizers and rice with more than 20% The above controlled release nitrogen fertilizer can effectively promote the level of soil inorganic nitrogen in the middle and late stages of rice and wheat growth. With the promotion of rice and wheat growth stage, the application of 40% or more controlled release nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase soil microbial biomass nitrogen, The biomass nitrogen decreased obviously. When more than 40% of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer was added, soil enzyme activities in middle and late growth stages of rice and wheat were significantly increased. Soil protease and nitrate reductase activities increased with the increase of the proportion of soil nitrate and nitrate reductase, Soil enzyme activity was treated with 100% controlled release nitrogen fertilizer The highest.The treatment of more than 20% of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer can significantly reduce the activity of urease at the tillering stage of rice and delay the peak of ammonium nitrogen, which is beneficial to reduce the nitrogen loss.The treatment of more than 40% Nitrogen supply in the middle and later stages stimulated soil urease and protease to participate in nitrogen conversion and promoted soil nitrogen availability. 100% controlled release nitrogen fertilizer had the most obvious increase in nitrate reductase activity in soil at the later growth stage of rice and wheat, Compared with the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer of% ~ 80%, the residual nitrate nitrogen of 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer in wheat season can be significantly reduced, and the effect of reducing nitrogen loss is obvious.