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劳动需求弹性事关就业市场波动、工作稳定性和劳动雇佣关系。本文利用1998~2007年中国工业企业面板数据,检验贸易开放对劳动需求弹性的影响。实证研究得出的主要结论有:第一,中国工业企业的劳动需求弹性约为-0.263~-0.241,符合文献中提出的劳动需求弹性应在-0.75~-0.15区间内的判断;第二,贸易开放将使中国劳动需求更富有弹性,加剧就业市场波动,且该结论呈现稳健性,但是不同产业部门在受到贸易开放冲击时,劳动需求弹性的变化方向及程度不相同,在高技术企业就业的劳动者面临更大的就业风险;第三,贸易提高劳动需求弹性主要通过增强其他生产要素与劳动力之间的替代效应发生作用。该研究可为防御改革开放过程中产生的就业及社会波动风险提供有价值的政策启示。
Labor demand elasticity is related to job market volatility, job stability and employment relationship. In this paper, we use panel data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2007 to examine the impact of trade liberalization on labor demand elasticity. The main conclusions drawn from the empirical research are as follows: First, the labor demand elasticity of Chinese industrial enterprises is about -0.263 ~ -0.241, which is in line with the judgment that the labor demand elasticity proposed in the literature should be within the range of -0.75 ~ -0.15. Second, Trade liberalization will make China’s labor demand more flexible and aggravate the employment market volatility, and the conclusion is robust. However, when different industries are under the impact of the trade liberalization, labor demand elasticity changes direction and degree differently. Employment in high-tech enterprises Of workers face greater employment risks. Third, increasing the elasticity of labor demand through trade plays a role mainly through enhancing the substitution effect between other factors of production and the labor force. The study can provide valuable policy implications for preventing employment and social fluctuations arising from the reform and opening up.