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目的:探讨运动对动脉粥样硬化(AS)斑块和主动脉病理形态变化的影响。方法:以30只8周龄的ApoE基因敲除小鼠(ApoE-/-小鼠)建立AS模型,分为ApoE-/-小鼠安静组(n=15)和ApoE-/-小鼠运动组(n=15),15只C57BL/6J小鼠为同源对照安静组。ApoE-/-小鼠饲以“西方膳食”饲料,C57小鼠饲以普通饲料。运动组进行中等强度跑台运动,前6周由10m/min×30min渐增至13m/min×60min,后6周以稳定的运动量(13m/min,60min)进行运动,每周5次。12周实验结束后,采用光学显微镜、体视显微镜及图像分析系统,从形态学角度观察各组小鼠主动脉斑块面积,主动脉大体病理形态、组织学结构及主动脉内膜、中膜厚度。结果:ApoE-/-小鼠安静组主动脉弓、分支口和腹主动脉形成斑块,多为纤维粥样硬化期病变,弹力纤维断裂多见,中膜空泡变性。ApoE-/-小鼠运动组斑块较ApoE-/-小鼠安静组减少,多为早期脂纹脂斑病变,弹力纤维断裂和中膜病变均减轻。经图像分析,ApoE-/-小鼠运动组斑块面积,内膜(I)、中膜(M)厚度及I/M比值较ApoE-/-小鼠安静组减少。结论:运动可减少高脂饮食导致的斑块形成,减轻AS的主动脉壁组织损伤,从而抵御主动脉壁的脂质沉积,延缓AS进程。
Objective: To investigate the effect of exercise on pathological changes of plaque and aorta in atherosclerosis (AS). Methods: AS model was established in 30 ApoE knockout mice (ApoE - / - mice) of 8 weeks old and divided into ApoE - / - mice quiet group (n = 15) and ApoE - / - mice Group (n = 15), and 15 C57BL / 6J mice were in the same control group as the quiet group. ApoE - / - mice were fed “western diet” and C57 mice were fed a normal diet. The exercise group was moderately intensive treadmill exercise. The first 6 weeks increased gradually from 10m / min × 30min to 13m / min × 60min. After 6 weeks, exercise was performed with stable exercise (13m / min, 60min) five times a week. After 12 weeks of experiment, using optical microscope, stereo microscope and image analysis system, the morphology of aortic plaque area, aortic pathological morphology, histological structure and the aortic intima and media thickness. Results: ApoE - / - mice in the quiet group aortic arch, branch and abdominal aorta plaque formation, mostly fibrosis atherosclerotic lesions, elastic fiber fracture more common, the membrane vacuolar degeneration. Plaque in ApoE - / - mice group was less than that in ApoE - / - mice quiet group, mostly in early fatty seborrheic lesion, with elastic fiber rupture and neointima lesion lessened. Image analysis showed that plaque area, intima (I), medial (M) thickness and I / M ratio in ApoE - / - mice decreased significantly compared with those in ApoE - / - mice. Conclusion: Exercise can reduce plaque formation caused by high-fat diet and alleviate the injury of aorta tissue of AS, thereby preventing the deposition of lipid in the aortic wall and delaying AS progression.