Objective:Sepsis is a deadly infection that causes injury to tissues and organs.Infection and anti-infective treatment are the etal themes of sepsis.The successful control of infection is a key factor of resuscitation for sepsis and septic shock.This review examines evidence for the treatment of sepsis.This evidence is combined with clinical experiments to reveal the rules and a standard flowchart of anti-infection therapy for sepsis.Data Sources:We retrieved information from the PubMed database up to October 2018 using various search terms and their combinations,including sepsis,septic shock,infection,antibiotics,and anti-infection.Study Selection:We included data from peer-reviewed joals printed in English on the relationships between infections and antibiotics.Results:By combining the literature review and clinical experience,we propose a 6Rs rule for sepsis and septic shock management:right patients,right time,right target,right antibiotics,right dose,and right source control.This rule encompasses rational decisions regarding the timing of treatment,the identification of the correct pathogen,the selection of appropriate antibiotics,the formulation of a scientifically based antibiotic dosage regimen,and the adequate control of infectious foci.Conclusions:This review highlights how to recognize and treat sepsis and septic shock and provides rules and a standard flowchart for anti-infection therapy for sepsis and septic shock for use in the clinical setting.