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通过实地考察,应用无定河流域典型淤地坝土壤水分的实测记录和统计分析方法,对淤地坝的水资源效应进行了探讨。研究发现总体上淤地坝的土壤含水率韭园沟高于裴家峁沟高于辛店沟,支沟坝低于主沟坝,在一定的深度基本上会存在较明显的湿土层或干土层,土壤含水率在坝地中部变化比较平缓,在6m以内随着土层深度的增加,土壤水分含量基本上呈现增长趋势,在坝地中尾部某一深度会达到稳定状态。淤地坝蓄水减水效益非常明显,辛店沟、韭园沟和裴家峁流域坝系土体的总贮水量分别为5.14×104m3、63.67×104m3和15.21×104m3,蓄水效益分别为39.39%、20.94%和8.85%,减水效益分别为48.27%、44.06%和38.16%。辛店沟流域淤地坝约减少地表水资源9.87×104m3。三个流域所有淤地坝至少可以减少地表水资源88.75×104m3,对无定河径流量减少的贡献率为0.093%。淤地坝的这种土壤水分效应和蓄水减水效应是人为因素对水资源影响的一个重要表现。
Through on-the-spot investigation, the water resource effect of siltation dams was discussed by means of actual measurement records and statistical analysis methods of soil moisture in typical siltation dams in the Wudinghe River basin. The study found that in general, the soil moisture content of silt dam is higher than that of Pei Jiagou furrow and higher than that of Xindian ditch, while that of ditching ditch dam is lower than that of the main ditch dam. At a certain depth, there are basically obvious wet soil layers or In the dry soil layer, the soil moisture content changes moderately in the middle of the dam area. Soil moisture content basically shows an increasing trend within 6m with the depth of the soil layer, and reaches a steady state at a certain depth in the tail of the dam area. Sediment dam water storage efficiency is very obvious, Xindian ditch, Jiuyuangou and Pei Jia 峁 dam system of soil total water storage were 5.14 × 104m3, 63.67 × 104m3 and 15.21 × 104m3, respectively, water storage efficiency were 39.39%, 20.94% and 8.85%, respectively. The water-reducing benefits were 48.27%, 44.06% and 38.16% respectively. Sediment dam in Xindiangou watershed reduces surface water resources by 9.87 × 104m3. All the silt dams in the three basins will reduce the surface water resources by at least 88.75 × 104m3 and contribute 0.093% to the decrease of the unbalanced river flows. This effect of soil moisture and water storage and reduction of silt dam is an important manifestation of the impact of human factors on water resources.