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目的应用静息态功能磁共振(rs-f MRI)研究学龄期儿童认知发展的特征。方法将49名学龄期儿童分为3组,其中7~8岁16名、9~10岁18名、11~12岁15名,进行磁共振扫描,采用局部一致性(Re Ho)作为分析方法。结果三组间差异显著的脑区位于额中回(F=6.623,P=0.003)、额上回(F=3.822,P=0.029)、左中扣带回(F=10.258,P=0.000)和顶叶(F=11.677,P=0.000);四个脑区7~8岁组Re Ho值低于9~10岁组和11~12岁组,均有统计学意义(P<0.05);顶叶9~10岁组Re Ho值低于11~12岁组,有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在其余三个脑区这两组Re Ho值比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论随着年龄增长,学龄期儿童的执行控制、注意激活等功能逐渐完善;9~10岁是学龄期儿童执行控制认知发展的关键期。
Objective To study the characteristics of cognitive development in school-age children by resting state functional magnetic resonance (rs-f MRI). Methods 49 school-age children were divided into 3 groups, including 16 aged 7-8 years, 18 aged 9-10 years and 15 aged 11-12 years. MRI was performed and the local consistency (Re Ho) was used as the analysis method . Results The brain regions with significant difference among the three groups were located in the middle frontal gyrus (F = 6.623, P = 0.003), upper frontal gyrus (F = 3.822, P = 0.029) And the parietal lobe (F = 11.677, P = 0.000). The Re Ho values in the four brain regions of 7-8 years old group were lower than those of 9-10 years old group and 11-12 years old group (P <0.05). The Re Ho value in the 9-15 year-old group was significantly lower than that in the 11-12 year-old group (P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in Re Ho between the two groups (P> 0.05) ). Conclusion With the growth of age, the functions of executive control and attention activation of school-age children gradually improve. The age of 9 to 10 years is the critical period for the implementation of cognitive control in school-age children.