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过去2～3年间,对硝酸盐的关注已经增加。水源内的硝酸盐,可来自含有人畜粪便的污水和田地的排水,流经使用氮肥的农田的雨水,少量来自降雨冲洗大气中的氮化合物以及矿物地层。在供水中,硝酸盐可使婴儿患高铁血红蛋白症,也可能有致癌作用,但尚未确定。在过去20年中,婴儿的高铁血红蛋白症,在英国仅报告过10例。在其他国家,硝酸盐含量高的水比较普遍,因之发生此种病的也较多。德国在1956～1964年间发现745例。Sattelmacher调查过14个国家,并编制出1,060个病例的一览表。根据世界卫生组织流行病学资料,饮用水国际标准规定NO_~-的最高限量为45毫克/升。
In the past two to three years, attention has been given to nitrates. Nitrates in water sources can be derived from effluents and fields containing human and animal waste, rainwater flowing through farmlands using nitrogen fertilizers, and a small amount of nitrogen compounds and mineral formations from rainfall-washing air. In the water supply, nitrate can make baby methemoglobinemia, may also have carcinogenic effects, but has not been determined. In the last 20 years, methemoglobinemia in infants has been reported in the UK in only 10 cases. In other countries, water with high nitrate levels is more common, and there are more such diseases. Germany found 745 cases between 1956 and 1964. Sattelmacher surveyed 14 countries and produced a list of 1,060 cases. According to WHO Epidemiological Data, the international standard for potable water stipulates that the NO_ ~ - limit is 45 mg / l.