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疏松岩层覆盖的岩溶地区地表塌陷在我国很多矿区时有发生,危害严重。这种地表塌陷是一种复杂的过程。岩溶化作用和水对土体的前期破坏作用(包括浸润、软化、液化、渗透移动、粘滞塑性蠕动等)是塌陷的准备阶段;而水动力作用的后期破坏作用(包括水的渗透、冲刷、搬运等)以及正、负压作用和重力坍塌作用则是开始坍塌和严重坍塌阶段,最后形成地表塌陷。虽然这类塌陷是上述多种作用综合的结果,但有时并不是全部作用都参与,有时是某种作用占主导地位。
Surface subsidence in karst areas covered by loose rock layers occurs frequently in many mines in our country, which is seriously harmful. This surface subsidence is a complex process. The karstification and pre-destructive effects of water on the soil (including infiltration, softening, liquefaction, infiltration, viscous plastic peristalsis, etc.) are the preparatory stages of collapse; and the late destructive effects of hydrodynamic actions (including water infiltration, erosion , Handling, etc.) as well as positive and negative pressure effects and gravity collapse are the beginning of the collapse and serious collapse stage, and finally the formation of surface subsidence. Although such collapsing is the result of a combination of the above mentioned effects, it is not always the case that all of these collaborations are involved, sometimes acting in some way.