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随着世界大国对能源资源消耗呈几何增长,广泛应用于科技生产的稀土矿成为了大国高科技发展的战略资源。在过去的十多年中,中国23%稀土储量供应90%世界市场,但是中国却没有掌握稀土价格权,国内稀土发展效率低下,环境破坏严重。近年来,中国稀土对外政策发生了重要的变化,通过出口配额和产业整合政策促使国际稀土价格逐渐理性回归。中国稀土政策的变化使高度依赖中国稀土出口的发达国家对中国频频施压,迫使中国妥协。中国面对这一国际局势,既需要继续推进国内稀土产业升级,有效加强出口控制,同时应以更积极的措施来应对新的稀土出口和国际合作,在国际博弈中保持优势地位。
With the geometric increase in consumption of energy resources by the big countries in the world, rare earth mines widely used in science and technology have become strategic resources for the development of large-scale high-tech industries. In the past decade or so, 23% of China’s rare earth reserves have been supplied to 90% of the world market, but China has failed to grasp the price right of rare earths, inefficient domestic rare earth development and serious environmental damage. In recent years, China’s rare earth foreign policy has undergone important changes, through the export quotas and industrial integration policies to promote the gradual rational return of the international rare earth. Changes in China’s rare earth policy so that the highly dependent on rare earth exports of China’s developed countries to exert pressure on China frequently, forcing China to compromise. In the face of this international situation, China needs to continue to promote the upgrading of its domestic rare earth industry and effectively strengthen its export controls. At the same time, China should take more active measures to deal with new rare earth exports and international cooperation and maintain its dominance in the international game.