论文部分内容阅读
花生的化学诱变育种,国内外均先后开展了试验研究。我所自一九七二年用亚硝基R盐处理正在生长着的花生植株上的花药,从诱变后代中获得了有利的变异株,并从中选育出早熟、高产的花生新品种——油诱。一、化学诱变剂的选择目前常用的诱变剂,按其化学结构、作用方式及其来源可分为四类:一是烷化剂:如甲基磷酸乙脂、乙基乙烷磺酸盐、硫酸二乙酯、乙烯亚胺、亚硝基烷基脲等;二是碱基类似物:如5—溴尿嘧啶、5—溴去氧尿核甙、5—氟脲嘧啶、2—氨基嘌呤、马来(月先)肼、咖啡碱等;三是抗生素:如丝裂霉素、重氮重氨酸、链黑霉素等;四是其它类:如羟胺、秋水仙素等。
Peanut chemical mutation breeding, both at home and abroad have conducted a pilot study. Since 1972, we have been using nitroso R salt processing of anthers on growing peanut plants, obtained from mutagen offspring of the favorable mutant strains, and bred from the early, high yield of new peanut varieties - - Oil lure. First, the choice of chemical mutagens Currently commonly used mutagens, according to their chemical structure, mode of action and its sources can be divided into four categories: First, alkylating agents: such as methyl ethyl phosphate, ethanesulfonic acid Salts, diethyl sulfate, ethyleneimine, nitrosoalkylurea and the like; second, base analogs such as 5-bromouracil, 5-bromodeoxyuridine, 5- Aminopurine, malay (month) hydrazine, caffeine, etc .; three antibiotics: such as mitomycin, diazo-glycine, streptozotocin and so on; four other categories: such as hydroxylamine, colchicine and so on.