利用黄河下游21a实测水文数据,逐年计算了其中6个河段的单位水流功率,分析了各河段的演化发展特征。研究结果表明:黄河下游弯曲河段的单位水流功率小于游荡河段的单位水流功率,过渡型河段的单位水流功率介于弯曲河段和游荡河段的单位水流功率之间;花-夹和夹-高游荡型河段21a的单位水流功率变化幅度较大,说明这两个河段的游荡特性至今没有得到改善,远离相对平衡状态;高-孙和孙-艾过渡型河段的单位水流功率逐渐下降,且自90年代中期以来变化幅度不大,其游荡特性已逐渐消失,越来越趋近于相对平衡状态;艾-泺和泺-利弯曲型河段21a的单位水流功率围绕着其平均值变化幅度越来越小,趋于相对平衡状态。 Based on the observed hydrological data of the lower reaches of the Yellow River in the past 21 years, the unit water flow power of 6 of them was calculated year by year, and the evolution and development characteristics of each river section were analyzed. The results show that the unit water flow power in the curved reach of the lower Yellow River is less than the unit water flow power in the wandering reach, and the unit water flow power in the transitional reach is between the unit water flow power in the bend reach and wandering reach. The unit water flow rate of the folder-high-wandering section 21a is larger, indicating that the wandering characteristics of the two sections have not been improved far away from the relative equilibrium. The unit water flow in the high-Sun and Sun-Ai transitional sections The power gradually decreases and the change has not changed much since the mid-1990s, and its wandering characteristics have gradually disappeared and become more and more close to the relative equilibrium. The unit water flow power of the Ai-泺 and 泺-Lee curved sections 21a revolves around Its average value is getting smaller and smaller, tends to a relatively balanced state.